It is still argued that an British agricultural revolution happened in the century or so after 1750. One obvious reason behind the argument is the fact that an expanding population from this time on was largely fed by home production. In 1750 English population stood at about 5.7 million. It had probably reached this level before, in the Roman period, then around 1300, and again in 1650. But at each of these periods the population ceased to grow, essentially because agriculture could not respond to the pressure of feeding extra people. Contrary to expectation, however, population grew to unprecedented levels after 1750, reaching 16.6 million in 1850, and agricultural output expanded with it.
One reason output grew was through new farming systems involving the rotation of turnips and clover, although these were part of the general intensification of agricultural production, with more food being produced from the same area of land. Intensity was also increased by land reclamation, especially the draining of the lands of eastern England, from the 17th century onwards, when a low-intensity agricultural system based on fishing and fowling was replaced by a high-intensity system based on arable crops.
Other examples include the Enclosure Movement. This extent of this activity is impossible to quantify, but may have affected some 30 per cent of the agricultural area of England, from the mid-17th to the mid-19th centuries. However, as medieval England progressed to modernity, the open field system and the communal pastures came under attack from wealthy landowners who wanted to privatize their use. The first onslaught, during the 14th to 17th centuries, came from landowners who converted arable land over to sheep, with legal support from the Statute of Merton of 1235. Villages were depopulated and several hundred seem to have disappeared. The peasantry responded with a series of ill fated revolts. In the 1381 Peasants' Revolt, enclosure was an issue, albeit not the main one. In Jack Cade's rebellion of 1450 land rights were a prominent demand.By the time of Kett's rebellion of 1549 enclosure was a main issue, as it was in the Captain Pouch revolts of 1604-1607 when the terms "leveler" and "digger" appeared, referring to those who leveled the ditches and fences erected by enclosers.
A second reason why we can claim an agricultural revolution in the century after 1750 is that as each agricultural worker produced more food, so the proportion of the workforce in agriculture fell. This falling proportion of workers in agriculture enabled the proportion working in industry and services to rise: in other words improved agricultural production made the industrial revolution possible, and many would regard the industrial revolution as the beginning of the modern world. By 1850 only 22 per cent of the British workforce was in agriculture; the smallest proportion for any country in the world.
Exactly how those working on the land were able to produce more food remains something of a mystery. More animal power was available to English farmers than to their counterparts elsewhere, and from the 1820s and 30s a wide variety of machinery was developed, which was particularly important for improving the efficiency of the cutting and threshing of grain. The improvement in labor productivity, however, had begun long before this.
The key probably lies in the way the English workforce was organised and employed. The development of agrarian capitalism in England, with those involved in agriculture divided into landowners, capitalist tenant farmers and laborers, saw the development of better farm management and more efficiency in using the workforce.
1. Why were fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s?
2. Did the Enclosure Movement benefit or hurt England? Explain
Each answer must be at least 1 paragraph (Total: 2 paragraphs)
there were fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s because those working on the land were able to produce more food remains something of a mystery. More animal power was available to English farmers than to their counterparts elsewhere, and from the 1820s and 30s a wide variety of machinery was developed, which was particularly important for improving the efficiency of the cutting and threshing of grain.
ReplyDeletethe Enclosure Movement hurt England because the open field system and the communal pastures came under attack from wealthy landowners who wanted to privatize their use.
Villages were depopulated and several hundred seem to have disappeared. The peasantry responded with a series of ill fated revolts. In the 1381 Peasants' Revolt, enclosure was an issue, albeit not the main one.
M.I
Fewer people were working on farms in England in the early 1800s because a wide variety of machinery was developed. it was important for improving the efficiency of the cutting and threshing of grain. The improvement in labor productivity had begun long before this. People found it easier to use machines than cutting and growing grain by hand.
ReplyDeleteThe enclosure movement hurted England because landowners converted arable and into sheep with legal support from the Statute of Merton of 1235. Villages were depopulated and several hundred seem to have disappeared. Peasants responded with a series of ill fated revolts. The enclosure movement also affected 30 percent of the agricultural area of England.
- A.U.
1. Fewer people were working on farms in England in the early 1800's because the farmland was being handled through higher forms of technology people invented. They were made to make work easier and faster to handle, so with less labor, there were less people working on the farm. One example of an invention was the new farming systems involving the rotation of turnips and clover which raised crop production, and gave less work for the farmers. Another was the land reclamation, where they converted a fish and fowl agricultural system into an arable system. So, to simply put, England modernized their farming to grow crops faster and earn money faster.
ReplyDelete2. The Enclosure Movement mostly hurt England because the majority of it's population were peasants. When the wealthy landowners stole their land for their own commercial use, the peasants lost their homes. Villages that needed their farms to support their standing disappeared, and the peasants revolted under what's called the Peasant Revolt. As landowners stole more land, the Peasant Revolt became a larger issue. However, it was not the greatest one. Jack Cade's, Kett's, and Captain Pouch's rebellion impacted England heavier than the Peasant Revolt, but they were merely made to justify their rights from the rich.
H.Y.
Fewer people were working on the farm because each agricultural worker produced more food, so the proportion of the workforce in agriculture fell. More animal power was available to farmers.The people that were not needed began to work in an industry. it also says that because of the improvements in agricultural performance there is a possibility for an industrial revolution. By 1850 only 22 per cent of the British workforce was in agriculture.
ReplyDeleteThe enclosure movement hurt England because bad because the Government would have to kick people out of their homes and the people would have to try to find jobs out in the city. The English government and aristocracy started enclosing land because it would allow for better raising of crops and animals Large fields could be farmed more efficiently than individual plots allotted from common land.
-JZ
1. In the early, 1800s, fewer people in england were working on farms. One reason that there were not many people working in farms was because there was a lot of turnip and clover being planted, with food being produced in the same area of land. Another reason why there were not many people working in farms was because when each worker worked, the proportions in the workforce of agriculture fell. Since there were less people working in agriculture, the people working in industry and services rised. As you can see, many factors can explain why fewer people in england worked in the agricultural industry.
ReplyDelete2.The enclosure movement benefitted england. They were able to improve not only animal husbandry, but crops as well. Also, people who own land can increase their own income. They can rent to tenants who have farms.As you can see, the enclosure movement definitely benefit england.
e.l.
1.Because the population grew to unprecedented levels after 1750, and ther were enough people for the agricultural production. After that the agricultural output could afford people's daily life, that meant it wouldn't need so many people for the production, so there were fewer people working on farms.
ReplyDelete2.In my opinion,I think enclosure movement benefit England, although this operation hurt farmers seriously in that period, the operation impelled the industrial revolution, bourgeois revolution and promoted urbanization. These gave England the foundation of leading others countries in Europe and gave another countries a great example of land regulation
----ZhaoJi Wu
Fewer people were working on farms in the early 1800’s because a wide variety of machinery was developed. It was more efficient in cutting and threshing of grain. There were also a more improvements in labor productivity. Also, each agriculture worker produced more. This caused a falling proportion in of workers in agriculture. By 1850, 22% of the British were in agriculture.
ReplyDeleteThe Enclosure Movement was the cause of the Industrial Revolution in England. This caused improved crop production. When people began to move to cities, instead of living in rural areas, is was easier to work in factories rather than the farm land. I believe that the Enclosure Movement benefitted Europe. Over time, a country will eventually become more advanced. Europe was one of the fist countries to improve. They went from farming, to using machinery in factories.
-A.S
1) In the early 1800s there were fewer people working on the farms because it was getting harder to produce crops. There was also a falling proportion of the work in agriculture. As each agricultural worker produced more food, the amount of workers fell, causing the proportion of the workforce in agriculture to fall. A type of agriculture system based fishing and fowling was replaced by a one based on arable crops which also caused a lesser population.
ReplyDelete2) The Enclosure Movement, in my opinion, benefited England. It allowed the food production to keep up with the population, not causing famine of hunger as it had been previously. It also cam up with easier ways to farm and produce crops. Since there was new machinery there was more effective productions of crops and grains, they allowed them to be maintained easier. There was a development in better farm management and a more efficient workforce.
1) In the early 1800s there were fewer people working on the farms because it was getting harder to produce crops. There was also a falling proportion of the work in agriculture. As each agricultural worker produced more food, the amount of workers fell, causing the proportion of the workforce in agriculture to fall. A type of agriculture system based fishing and fowling was replaced by a one based on arable crops which also caused a lesser population.
ReplyDelete2) The Enclosure Movement, in my opinion, benefited England. It allowed the food production to keep up with the population, not causing famine of hunger as it had been previously. It also cam up with easier ways to farm and produce crops. Since there was new machinery there was more effective productions of crops and grains, they allowed them to be maintained easier. There was a development in better farm management and a more efficient workforce
-A.S
1. Why were fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s?
ReplyDeleteIn the early 1800s, the new nation faced many controversial issues, such as slavery. ... In the 1970s and 1980s, the United States started to make fewer things in . New England had small farms and focused on fishing, forestryIn the late twentieth century it was estimated that up to 250 million children under fourteen were at work across the world. Such figures aroused deep concern, and numerous international organizations and national governments declared their wish to end child work, or, at the very least, to eliminate the most hazardous and exploitative forms of it. Yet the idea that childhood might be a time without work is relatively recent. For most of history most families have seen nothing unusual in expecting their children to contribute to the family economy as soon as they are able: without that contribution the poverty amid which they lived would be deepened
2. Did the Enclosure Movement benefit or hurt England? Explain
It gave landowners new agricultural methods and Large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or give up farming and move to the cities.More to the point, the Diggers weren't trying to stop "inclosures"; they didn't go round tearing down fences and levelling ditches, like both earlier and later rebels. In a letter to the head of the army, Fairfax, Winstanley stated that if some wished to "call the Inclosures their own land we are not against it," though this may have been just a diplomatic gesture. Instead they wanted to create their own alternative Inclosure which would be a "Common Treasury of All" and where commoners would have "the freedom of the land for their livelihood
KPO
1. Why were fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s?
ReplyDeleteIn the 1600s, England was still largely a rural society. Most people lived by farming. The commonesst occupation was that of 'husbandman' that is, a small farmer, who would grow enough food for himself an dhis family, and sell the surplus. The farmer and his family would be partly or mainly self-sufficient. The farmer's wife would normally be in charge of the poultry and the dairy, she would do the milking, make her own butter and cheese, and sell her surplus chickens, eggs, and dairy produce at market. She would also make household items like soap and candles, and home remedies for illness. Women spun thread, and kept some for their own use, selling the surplus to weavers. Children would help out on the farm as soon as they were old enough.
2. Did the Enclosure Movement benefit or hurt England? Explain
large landowners closed off the land in England and small farmers lost their jobsThe Enclosure Movement was a push in the 18th and 19th centuries to take land that had formerly been owned in common by all members of a village, or at least available to the public for grazing animals and growing food, and change it to privately owned land, usually with walls, fences or hedges around it. The most well-known Enclosure Movements were in the British Isles, but the practice had its roots in the Netherlands and occurred to some degree throughout Northern Europe and elsewhere as industrialization spread. Some small number of enclosures had been going on since the 12th century, especially in the north and west of England, but it became much more common in the 1700s, and in the next century Parliament passed the General Enclosure Act of 1801 and the Enclosure Act of 1845, making enclosures of certain lands possible throughout England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.
GR
In the early 1800s fewer people were working on farms In England. According to the text, his occurred because "as each agricultural worker produced more food, the proportion of the workforce in agriculture fell." Another reason why fewer people were working in farms is because most of them preferred and were now working in newly developed factories with creative invented machines. As a result, mass production of goods were sold at a cheaper cost to the people.
ReplyDeleteIn my opinion, The enclosure movement hurt England in many ways. I believe it was a very harmful event that affected many people. The population in the villages, in England, decreased and half of the population was never known how they just vanished. The lower lass, also know as peasants, were unsatisfied and I believe it's unjust, and according to the text, they did not respond politely, "the peasantry responded with a series of ill fated revolts..." As a result, it became a very big issue which proves that it was not beneficial at all.
-M.L. PD 9 10/22/13
ReplyDeleteIn the early 1800s fewer people were working on farms In England. According to the text, his occurred because "as each agricultural worker produced more food, the proportion of the workforce in agriculture fell." Another reason why fewer people were working in farms is because most of them preferred and were now working in newly developed factories with creative invented machines. As a result, mass production of goods were sold at a cheaper cost to the people.
In my opinion, The enclosure movement hurt England in many ways. I believe it was a very harmful event that affected many people. The population in the villages, in England, decreased and half of the population was never known how they just vanished. The lower lass, also know as peasants, were unsatisfied and I believe it's unjust, and according to the text, they did not respond politely, "the peasantry responded with a series of ill fated revolts..." As a result, it became a very big issue which proves that it was not beneficial at all.
-M.L. PD 9 10/22/13
C.E.
ReplyDeleteFewer people worked on farms, because the farmers, and the other agricultural workers couldn't feed the increasing population. The population was growing dramatically around 1750 in England. As the population grew, the farmers and the agricultural workers couldn't take the pressure of trying to feed an increasing population. People mostly depended on home production to feed the people, but not everyone could be fed all at once. The England population eventually stopped growing due to the fact farmers and the other agricultural workers stopped working left for other places around their region.
The enclosure movement actually hurt England due to the wealthy landowners. The communal pastures and the open field system became under attack. Wealthy landowners have wanted privatize their use of the land. They wanted to replace the arable land with sheep. By doing this, their was no crops in that area because the wealthy land owners replaced it with sheep. This actually had a small benefit because due to the over population in certain areas of England, people actually left that area and moved somewhere else. This was also bad because the people can move to other overpopulated parts in England. Also, it moved agricultural people to other places, and this was a problem because the people depended on home production
Period 8
There were fewer people working on farms in England during the early 1800's because of industrialism. The larger farms had more land so that meant they could grow more crops and a more variety of crops. Since the larger farms could produce so much more, this left the smaller farms with no chance in society then since the larger farms could mass produce crops. Since the larger farms took over, the smaller farm families had to leave in search of work. This then lead them to move to cities in search of work in factories, mines, etc.
ReplyDeleteIn my opinion, I believe that the Enclosure Movement hurt England rather than benefit. The reason for that is because the Enclosure Movement forced the previous farming families to move to cities to work in factories. The reason for that is because of industrialism; larger farms that could mass produce crops took all the business and left the smaller farms with none. Also, the people working in factories or mines were only paid minimum wage so they probably wouldn't have enough money to feed or support their families. With this occurring, it then leads to the creation of the middle class.
- S. Li
1. There were fewer farmers during the early 1800's because of massive urbanization. Many farmers had to give up rights to their land because of this. In addition, there was an unbalanced proportion of agricultural workers. The farmers lived in deep poverty because they had to give up their rights. Because of this poverty, many gave up agricultural farming, and searched for a new life. Thus, leading to few farmers in the 1800s.
ReplyDelete2. The Enclosurement movement benefited and also harmed England conflicting at the same time. It was used to divide land and also protect and keep the animals from wandering too far. Enclosure made it a lot easier for farmers to heard the animals especially sheep and cows. Sheep were a big part of the economy in Europe at this time and as new ways were developed to better care for them the better farmers did. Though the enclosure movement was practical in organizing land among wealthy landowners it also had a negative impact on peasant farmers. It caused massive urbanization as many farmers were forced to give up their shares of the land to wealthy landowners and move into the cities in search of work. A good amount of these farmers were unsuccessful and lived in poverty with their families because there was not enough work. Families who held land by custom were unable to produce legal documents proving their ownership.
- J.L
In the 1800s fewer people were working on farms in England. This is because the "falling proportion of workers in agriculture enabled the proportion working in industry and services to rise." This means that the decreasing amount of people working agriculturally allowed more people to work industrially. The decreasing amount of people working agriculturally was actually a good thing and that's what made the industrial revolution possible. Also by 1850 only about 22 percent of the people worked agriculturally. Additionally it was considered that the industrial revolution was the beginning of the modern world.
ReplyDeleteThe Enclosure Movement benefited England. In example “the open field system and the communal pastures came under attack from wealthy landowners who wanted to privatize their use.” When this event happened many of the workers working agriculturally were affected by it. This event affected 30% of the people in the agricultural area. It was stated that the less people at the time working agriculturally helped the industrial revolution possible. So the Enclosure Movement was a cause towards the English and helping them become modern.
KW~~~~
1. There were fewer people working on farms in the early 1800s because industries and services began to rise. As agricultural workers grew more food, the proportion of the workforce fell. However, the rise in industry improved agricultural production which contributes to the Industrial Revolution. Many said that this was the beginning of the modern world.
ReplyDelete2. The Enclosure Movement hurt England. Wealthy landowners privatized their lands and converted it from arable land to sheep. As villages began to depopulate, peasants faced a series of ill fated revolts. By 1549, enclosure was a main issue as more revolts occurred and terms such as “leveler” and “digger” appeared.
S.L.
During the early 1800s, fewer people were working on farms in England because due to the agricultural revolution in the century after 1750 that each worker now produced more food, so the proportion in work force began to decrease, the falling proportion of workers in agriculture eventually enabled the proportion working in industry and services to rise, but the agriculture revolution helped made the industrial revolution possible but with a cost of the farming in England having less people though.
ReplyDeleteThe Enclosure Movement hurt England, because the commoners were no longer allowed to graze their animals and could not provide their own meat. There were many people that were angry and started massive protests and many of those who were frustrated about losing their land and the Enclosure Movement hurt England, because no many people wanted now leave England since they were losing lots of land.
-O.N.
In the early 1800's fewer people were working in the farms because there was an increase in the population. An increase in the population caused for there to be more pressure in agriculture and it could not deal with the pressure of feeding the entire population.There was better farming methods which decreased the amount of people working in the farm. In addition to this an increase in land reclamation was presented and this helped with fishing and not necessarily crop production.
ReplyDeleteThe Enclosure movement benefited the people in England because there was an increase in efficiency for crop production and England increased in development. England did not benefit from The enclosure movement because property that was available to the people became bought and owned by the government and that took people off their farms.
SH
There was fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800's because of the growing population. With so much people in the population, it would be harder to grow crops for so many people. Another fact that should be taken to consideration is that if so many people were working on the crops, the economy will go down. The more people working on the farms would result into less money given to the workers. That is the reason why farming was so unpopular during that time period.
ReplyDeleteThe Enclosure Movement hurt England, more than it helped England. I say this because the end result of the movement was so much land lost. Even though, in a way, it helped the peasants fight for the same land they work on, it hurt everyone, overall. The wealthy people were hurting the land by taking claim of land that wasn't there's. Land ownership was the cause of the movement, which then hurt England, at the end.
- NQ
1. Why were fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s?
ReplyDeleteThe beginning of the 1800’s was the start of the industrial revolution. Industrial Revolution, which changed every aspect of everyday life, from how we wash our clothes to how we work, how we communicate, and how we travel. On for the biggest inventions was the cotton gin. This was a machine that traveled around a farm and collect cotton from the plants. This replaced the jobs of many farmers.
2. Did the Enclosure Movement benefit or hurt England? Explain
I think the enclose movement benefitted England. The enclosure movement was when large landowners closed off the land in England and small farmers lost their jobs. Now while the small farm owners lost their jobs, England was gaining a lot of money from all the exports leaving the country.
A.M.
1. Fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s because they were not making enough money. The people who worked on farms did not made as much money as those who worked in the city. There were more jobs in the city so the farmers moved to the city to find a better job. In the city there were factories. The factories produced many objects quick and the factories end up mass producing.
ReplyDelete2. The Enclosure Movement benefited England. The enclosure movement changed the agriculture in England. It made the industrial revolution possible and people thought it was the beginning of a modern world. Those who are small farmers had to work in the city so there were more factories workers. Those people who were farmer then became city workers lived in the city.
-EP
HW- British Agricultural Revolution
ReplyDelete1. Why were fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s?
By the early 1800s people less working on farms because of the factory. Industrial revolution has begun and the effects is showing. Since inventions are coming out fast with helping hard work on farms. With technology helping out the workers and workers being out of job because of it. After all that worker are moving other place to find work that where factory come in.
2. Did the Enclosure Movement benefit or hurt England? Explain
Enclosure movement benefit England in many ways. Even though it many farmers and it destroy many jobs in that department the worker came to factory for help. Big money people buying land left to right leaving the poor people homeless. Plus the farms grow less and what happens to the workers. Why they came to the factory for help and jump boot the industrial revolution.
JX
There were fewer people working on farms in the eary 1800s because technonology and machinery was being exposed to the people. Population grew rapidly during those years, food source had to be made faster because of all the people. People began to stop agricultural work, and worked in an industry. People working in industry and services increased. This improved agricultural production and helped produce food faster. By 1850 only 22% of people were in agriculture, whihc was said to be the smallest proportion for any country in the world.
ReplyDeleteI believe that the enclosure movement hurt England. It caused poverty, homelessness, and depopulation, and resulted in peasant revolts. Very few farmers owned land, the higher classes owned them and kicked the peasants out. Farmers were out of jobs and had to travel to other places to find work.
-S.A
-KZ
ReplyDelete1）There were fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s is because animal power was available, and there were more machines developed in farms that improved the efficiency of the cutting and threshing of grain. The Industrial Revolution was caused by the improvement agricultural production. After 1750 centuries the proportion of the workforce in agriculture fell because the increasing of produced food.
2) I think the Enclosure Movement hurt England. About 30 % of agriculture were effected by this movement in England. Once the land becomes enclosed, the uses of the land become restricted to the owner. Wealthy people tried to privatize these uses of lands, which formed the open field system. Many agricultural lands were converted for sheep. This harmed England because wealthy people forced farmers to give up their lands so they can raise sheep, agricultural lands are losing which is decrease the crops production.
Fewer people have appeared to work on farms in England in the early 1800s compared to the other upcoming years this being because of the limited space of arable land. There wasn’t enough available land to be able to produce new farming systems and agricultural systems. This was mainly because of the change from the agricultural systems of fishing and fowling to the main depending of arable land for the planting of crops such as turnips and clover. Along with the limited space, the population had grown so fast and great during the past years, there wasn’t enough work for so many people. Many of the land owners and more wealthy people had also claimed most of their land to themselves decreasing the amount of available space in land and most goods were limited to own area as well, leading to the availability of one space, alone for the workers.
ReplyDeleteThe Enclosure movement seemed to be having a more negative effect than positive because this movement led to the decrease in rights of land ownership. It decreased the amount of arable land that people farmed and raised their animals on and raised anger and protests of the English people. This movement didn’t allow that non land owners could be able to do their own business such as raising their crops and animals on un-owned land which they were allowed to before. Another negative outcome of this was the decrease in work for farmers and workers.
~CT
1. Why were fewer people working on farms in England in the early 1800s?
ReplyDeleteAfter agricultural workers started to produce more food, the amount of workers dropped. The landowners didn't need workers in the industrial revolution after the development of the machine that cut crops without workers. More people stopped working on the farms in England and people just used the invention to do the farming. Using workers to farm
and cut crops were no longer necessary in the early 1800s.
2. Did the Enclosure Movement benefit or hurt England? Explain
The Enclosure movement affected about 30 percent of the agricultural land in England. Wealthy and large landowners converted arable land into sheep. They used larger amounts of land forcing small farmers to move into the cities. The Enclosure Movement did benefit England because it produced food faster but there were many more poor people due
to the Enclosure Movement and crowded cities. I think the Enclosure Movement hurt England.
P.K.
Fewer people were working on farms in the early 1800's in England due to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Industrial and factory jobs were slowly becoming more readily available, and more constant work. It was a guaranteed wage, and helped to modernize England. This helped to greatly increase its power, and more importantly, economic strength. People in England began to bridge the social-economic gap, and draw together more closely as a country during the Enclosure Movement.
ReplyDeleteThe Enclosure movement, overall, helped England. In the long run, it began their age as an Imperial nation, and greatly strengthened their political and economic ties. While many hundreds of people died due to the conditions, and other factors in the densely crowded cities, and factories, one could see this as a necessary sacrifice. For the greater good of the populace in England, a few had to die. While this is terribly tragic for them and their families, it secured England's continued existence. -K.B.